EntrezGeneSummary | ThisgeneproductisamemberofthePDGF/VEGFgrowthfactorfamily.Itisamitogenthatspecificallyactsonendothelialcellsandhasvariouseffects,includingmediatingincreasedvascularpermeability,inducingangiogenesis,vasculogenesis,endothelialcellgrowth,promotingcellmigration,andinhibitingapoptosis.Alternativelysplicedtranscriptvariantsencodingdifferentisoformshavebeenfoundforthisgene.Also,alternativetranslationinitiationfromnon-AUG(CUG)andAUGstartsitesinsometranscriptvariants,giverisetoadditionalisoforms. |
UniProtSummary | FUNCTION:Growthfactoractiveinangiogenesis,vasculogenesisandendothelialcellgrowth.Inducesendothelialcellproliferation,promotescellmigration,inhibitsapoptosis,andinducespermeabilizationofbloodvessels.BindstotheVEGFR1/Flt-1andVEGFR2/Kdrreceptors,heparansulfateandheparin.Neuropilin-1bindsisoformsVEGF-165andVEGF-145.IsoformVEGF165BbindstoVEGFR2/Kdrbutdoesn"tactivatedownstreamsignalingpathways,doesn"tactivateangiogenesisandinhibitstumorgrowth. SUBUNITSTRUCTURE:Homodimer;disulfide-linked.AlsofoundasheterodimerwithPlGFBysimilarity. SUBCELLULARLOCATION:Secreted.Note:VEGF121isacidicandfreelysecreted.VEGF165ismorebasic,hasheparin-bindingpropertiesand,althoughasignicantproportionremainscell-associated,mostisfreelysecreted.VEGF189isverybasic,itiscell-associatedaftersecretionandisboundavidlybyheparinandtheextracellularmatrix,althoughitmaybereleasedasasolubleformbyheparin,heparinaseorplasmin. TISSUESPECIFICITY:TheVEGF189,VEGF-165andVEGF-121isoformsarewidelyexpressed,whereastheVEGF206andVEGF-145areuncommon. INDUCTION:Regulatedbygrowthfactors,cytokines,gonadotropins,nitricoxide,hypoxia,hypoglycemiaandoncogenicmutations. SEQUENCESIMILARITIES:BelongstothePDGF/VEGFgrowthfactorfamily. SEQUENCECAUTION:ThesequenceCAC19512.2differsfromthatshown.Reason:Erroneousgenemodelprediction. |